Algorithms of Armageddon: What Happens When We Insert AI Into Our Military Weapons Systems?
Speaker(s): Galdorisi, G. (Director of Strategic Assessments and Technical Futures, Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific (NIWC Pacific)); Tangredi, S. (Leidos Chair of Future Warfare Studies & Professor of National, Naval, and Maritime Strategy, U.S. Naval War College)
Date: 3 June 2021
Speaker Session Summary
SMA hosted a speaker session with CAPT George Galdorisi, USN (Ret) (Director of Strategic Assessments and Technical Futures, Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific (NIWC Pacific)) as a part of its SMA General Speaker Series. CAPT Samuel Tangredi, PhD, USN (Ret) (Leidos Chair of Future Warfare Studies & Professor of National, Naval, and Maritime Strategy, U.S. Naval War College) participated in the Q&A session, along with CAPT Galdorisi, after the conclusion of the brief.
CAPT Galdorisi stated that technological advancements have always changed the way which wars have been fought. A new development for the US is having two peer competitors—Russia and China—in the field of technological innovation. The country that is able to integrate artificial intelligence (AI) specifically will have a significant advantage in future military conflicts. The DoD created a strategy to support its advancement of AI technologies that is focused on human-machine teaming and is founded on five pillars: technology, culture, user inputs, new users/new marketplaces, and processes.
CAPT Galdorisi emphasized that it will be important to alleviate the public’s fear of killer robots and other fears surrounding AI, which has been partly created and propagated by the media. The DoD’s past integration of AI into its armed forces has been focused on intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance. By successfully implementing these technologies into missions, operators will be better able to improve their processes for observing, orienting, deciding, and acting (OODA) in the OODA loop. CAPT Galdorisi concluded the presentation by stating that the Naval Information Warfare Center (NIWC) Pacific does not create systems; it improves them and makes them smarter. He also stated that it will likely be impossible for NIWC Pacific to engineer out all ethical dilemmas related to AI, rather it is looking for an optimal-case solution.
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CAPT George Galdorisi, USN (Ret)
Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific
Director, Strategic Assessments & Technical Futures

George Galdorisi is Director of Strategic Assessments and Technical Futures for the Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific. Prior to joining NIWC Pacific, he completed a thirty-year career as a naval aviator, culminating in 14 years of consecutive experience as executive officer, commanding officer, commodore, and chief of staff.
During his career as a naval aviator, he completed an array of operational assignments in all five Navy fleets. After completing a tour as Test Director in the LAMPS Mk III helicopter Program Office, he was one of a small cadre of officers who stood up the Navy’s first LAMPS Mk III squadron, HSL-41. His operational assignments culminated in commanding officer tours of HSL-43, the Navy’s first operational LAMPS Mk III squadron; HSL-41, the LAMPS Mk III Fleet Replacement Squadron; USS Cleveland (LPD-7); and Amphibious Squadron Seven.
His last operational assignment spanned five years as Chief of Staff for Cruiser-Destroyer Group Three, during which he made combat deployments to the Western Pacific and Arabian Gulf embarked in the USS Carl Vinson and USS Abraham Lincoln. During this final tour, he also led the U.S. Delegation for military-to-military consultations with the Chinese Navy.
He began his writing career in 1978 with an article in U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings. He has written fourteen books, including the New York Times best seller Tom Clancy Presents: Act of Valor, the novelization of the Bandito Brothers/Relativity Media film, and The Kissing Sailor, which proved the identity of the two principals in Alfred Eisenstaedt’s famous photograph.
His reboot of the best-selling Tom Clancy’s Op-Center series includes three consecutive New York Times best sellers: Out of the Ashes, Into the Fire, and Scorched Earth. His most recent fiction project is a new series of Rick Holden thrillers published by Braveship Books (The Coronado Conspiracy, For Duty and Honor, and Fire and Ice).
His most recent non-fiction project is the forthcoming AI at War: How Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Are Changing Naval Warfare (April 2021, U.S. Naval Institute Press). Additionally, he has published more than four hundred articles in professional journals and national newspapers.
He has received a number of national and international writing awards, including:
- Navy League of the United States Alfred Thayer Mahan Award for Literary Achievement
- U.S. Naval Institute General Prize Essay Contest
- Surface Navy Association Literary Award
- Navy League of Australia's Annual Essay Competition
- Naval Helicopter Historical Association Literary Award
- Military Writers Society of America Silver Medal Award
He is a 1970 graduate of the United States Naval Academy and holds a master’s degree in Oceanography from the Naval Postgraduate School and a master’s degree in International Relations from the University of San Diego. He graduated from both the Naval War College’s College of Command and Staff and the College of Naval Warfare, and in 1994 received the Naval War College’s Admiral John Hayward Award for Academic Achievement. Additionally, he is a graduate of MIT Sloan School’s Program for Senior Executives.
Dr. Samuel J. Tangredi
U.S. Naval War College
Leidos Chair of Future Warfare Studies and Professor of National, Naval, and Maritime Strategy
Sam J. Tangredi is the Leidos Chair of Future Warfare Studies and professor of national, naval, and maritime strategy at the U.S. Naval War College. A U.S. Naval Academy and Naval Postgraduate School graduate, he earned a PhD in international relations from the University of Southern California.
He served a thirty-year naval career as a surface warfare officer and as a strategic planner and leader of strategic planning. He is author of Anti-Access Warfare: Countering A2/AD Strategies.
